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61.
针对新型混合工质R245fa/R141b,开展水平光滑管(外径10 mm)内工质沸腾换热特性的实验研究,对比纯工质与混合工质的换热性能及4种常用关联式的预测精度。结果表明:纯工质与混合工质的沸腾传热系数均随质量流速和热通量的增加而增大,随饱和压力的增加而减小;随干度的增加,沸腾传热系数均先增大后减小,即存在“过渡干度”,且混合工质的过渡干度大于纯工质;干度小于0.55时,混合工质传热系数小于纯工质;干度大于0.55后,混合工质的传热系数更高;随R245fa质量分数的增加,混合工质的沸腾传热系数增大。在所选关联式中,Gungor-Winterton关联式能准确地预测工质在光滑管内的沸腾换热特性,平均相对误差为16.67%。 相似文献
62.
The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) on the mechanical performance of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and styrene–butadiene–rubber (SBR) modified asphalt. Conventional properties, multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests were conducted to evaluate the performance characteristics of asphalt at different PPA inclusions. Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were carried to reveal the molecular weight, component and infrared spectra of asphalt. Results showed that PPA hardened the asphalt, improved the rutting and fatigue performances of polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binder, but weakened the anti-cracking performances. Besides, storage stability had a significant improvement as the addition of PPA. The addition of PPA brought more macromolecules into asphalt and led to more high-average molecular weight compounds. Furthermore, PPA changed four component ratios of asphalt. Both PMA with or without PPA have similar absorption peaks. This may be due to absorption peak of PMA covered the changes in PPA modification process as the low content of PPA. 0.8% dosage of PPA may be considered optimum for composite modified binder combining the above experimental results for this binder source. 相似文献
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This work proposes a novel approach for the offline development and online implementation of data-driven process monitoring (PM) using topological preservation techniques, specifically self-organizing maps (SOM). Previous topological preservation PM applications have been restricted due to the lack of monitoring and diagnosis tools. In the proposed approach, the capabilities of SOM are further extended so that all aspects of PM can be performed in a single environment. First for fault detection, using SOM's vector quantization abilities, an SOM-based Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is proposed to define the normal region. For identification, an SOM-based contribution plot is proposed to identify the variables most responsible for the fault. This is done by analyzing the residual of the faulty point and an SOM model of the normal region used in fault detection. The data points are projected on the model by locating the best matching unit (BMU) of the point. Finally, for fault diagnosis a procedure is formulated involving the concept of multiple self-organizing maps (MSOM), creating a map for each fault. This allows the ability to include new faults without directly affecting previously characterized faults. A Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) application is performed on dynamic faults such as random variations, sticky valves and a slow drift in kinetics. Previous studies of the TEP have considered particular feed-step-change faults. Results indicate an excellent performance when compared to linear and nonlinear distance preservation techniques and standard nonlinear SOM approaches in fault diagnosis and identification. 相似文献
66.
渗透汽化膜分离技术适合应用于有机溶剂中水的脱除、废水处理与溶剂回收等。。文中根据渗透汽化膜分离的技术特点,对其在石油化工领域的应用进行了分析,该技术能够降低生产过程中的能耗,设备投资费用少,且经济环保。 相似文献
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通过改变硬段含量、扩链系数等制备了几种不同硬度的四氢呋喃均聚醚(PTMG)浇注型聚氨酯弹性体(CPUE),讨论了PTMG型CPUE与硫化橡胶(VR)的物理机械性能、拉伸应力应变行为以及动态力学性能的区别。结果表明,随CPUE硬度的提高,材料的刚性增强,力学性能是低硬度VR的数倍。通过对CPUE硬度的调节,可以使之兼具聚氨酯和橡胶的优良性能。在玻璃态温度下CPUE的储能模量随硬度的减小而降低,但都高于VR,而且CPUE的硬度越大,二者相差越大,温度越低,相差也越大;在室温以上温度范围内,CPUE具有比VR更小的力学损耗。 相似文献
69.
This study aims to develop a new type of peristaltic pump that transports high-viscosity and solid–liquid mixture fluids. Pumps capable of transporting such fluids are essential in various situations such as factory transportation, outdoors, and emergencies. These fluids are conventionally transported by positive-displacement and rotodynamic pumps. However, solid–liquid fluids could collide with the impeller of the rotodynamic pump and thereby damage the pump, whereas the positive-displacement pump must be sufficiently large to apply high pressure to the transported fluid. A small pump that can transport these fluids would save factory space and enable outdoor applications such as dredging operations. Thus, we adopted earthworm peristalsis as a model mechanism of fluid transport within a standard plumbing infrastructure. The insertion-type peristaltic pump developed in this study uses an artificial rubber muscle to achieve an earthworm-like mechanism. The capability and energy efficiency of the mechanism is evaluated in water transportation experiments. 相似文献
70.
This study aimed to evaluate how differently co-located users perform and interact while solving problems by using existing and newly developed interaction mechanisms of a multi-touch tabletop system on a large-size tabletop display. Furthermore, this study aimed to investigate users’ perceived situation awareness due to the system. This study conducted one experiment and introduced three newly developed interaction mechanisms: two-way rubber band, drag-and-response, and centre collection area. Two-way rubber band enables users not only to send but also to request digital objects. Drag-and-response allows users to accept or to reject digital objects sent by others; therefore, it eliminates conflicting situations and interference. Centre collection area stores, organises, and manages shared digital resources on a surface of a tabletop display, so that users have an overall picture of available resources. This paper discusses results of an experiment, research findings, and implications along with conclusions and several suggestions for future development and research. 相似文献